Medical Department Directory

Emergency Department (ED) / Casualty

Definition

The Emergency Department (ED), also called the Casualty Department, is the hospital unit that provides immediate medical care to patients with serious, life-threatening, or urgent health conditions. It operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and is designed to stabilize patients before they are discharged, admitted to the hospital, or transferred for specialized treatment.

Why is it Important?

The ED is the first point of care for patients who require urgent medical attention. Its primary goals are to:

Save lives through rapid assessment and treatment.
Stabilize critically ill or injured patients.
Reduce complications by providing timely emergency care.
Decide whether the patient can go home, needs admission, or requires referral to another specialty.

How Does it Work?

When a patient arrives:

1 Triage – The patient's condition is assessed and prioritized according to severity.
2 Initial Assessment – Vital signs, medical history, and symptoms are evaluated.
3 Emergency Treatment – Immediate interventions, medications, oxygen therapy, IV fluids, or life-support measures are provided if needed.
4 Investigations – Blood tests, ECG, X-rays, CT scans, or other investigations may be performed.
5 Disposition – The patient is discharged, admitted to a ward/ICU, or referred to another department.

Common Conditions Managed

Heart attack (Myocardial Infarction)

Seizures

Stroke

Breathing difficulty

Trauma and road traffic accidents

Severe allergic reactions (Anaphylaxis)

Severe bleeding

Burns

Poisoning

Fractures and dislocations

Key Responsibilities of Healthcare Professionals

Perform rapid patient assessment.
Monitor vital signs continuously.
Administer emergency medications safely.
Assist in CPR and resuscitation.
Maintain infection control practices.
Document all treatments accurately.
Communicate effectively with doctors and the healthcare team.

Important Points for D.Pharm, B.Pharm & Nursing Students

Understand the ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) approach.
Learn emergency drug indications, doses, and routes of administration.
Know how to prepare IV medications and emergency equipment.
Be familiar with Basic Life Support (BLS) and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
Work efficiently under pressure while following hospital protocols.

Common Medicines in ED / Casualty

40 commonly used medicines and their uses

No.	Medicine (Generic Name)	Common Use
1	Adrenaline (Epinephrine)	Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
2	Atropine	Symptomatic bradycardia
3	Amiodarone	Ventricular arrhythmias
4	Adenosine	Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
5	Dopamine	Hypotension, shock
6	Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)	Septic shock, severe hypotension
7	Dobutamine	Heart failure, cardiogenic shock
8	Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl Trinitrate)	Acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary edema
9	Aspirin	Suspected myocardial infarction
10	Clopidogrel	Acute coronary syndrome
11	Ticagrelor	Heart attack management
12	Heparin	Acute coronary syndrome, thrombosis
13	Enoxaparin	DVT/PE, acute coronary syndrome
14	Tranexamic Acid	Major bleeding, trauma
15	Calcium Gluconate	Severe hyperkalemia, calcium replacement
16	Magnesium Sulfate	Torsades de pointes, eclampsia, severe asthma
17	Sodium Bicarbonate	Severe metabolic acidosis, certain overdoses
18	Potassium Chloride	Hypokalemia (carefully administered)
19	Dextrose 25%/50%	Severe hypoglycemia
20	Regular Human Insulin	Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperkalemia
21	Hydrocortisone	Anaphylaxis, adrenal crisis
22	Dexamethasone	Airway edema, severe inflammation
23	Methylprednisolone	Asthma, COPD exacerbation
24	Salbutamol Nebulizer	Acute asthma, bronchospasm
25	Ipratropium Bromide	COPD and asthma exacerbations
26	Aminophylline	Severe asthma (selected cases)
27	Furosemide	Acute pulmonary edema
28	Diazepam	Seizures, status epilepticus
29	Lorazepam	Seizures, severe anxiety
30	Midazolam	Seizures, procedural sedation
31	Phenytoin	Status epilepticus
32	Levetiracetam	Seizure control
33	Naloxone	Opioid overdose
34	Flumazenil	Selected benzodiazepine overdose (with caution)
35	Ondansetron	Nausea and vomiting
36	Metoclopramide	Nausea, vomiting, migraine-associated nausea
37	Pantoprazole (IV)	Upper GI bleeding, stress ulcer prophylaxis in selected patients
38	Ceftriaxone	Severe bacterial infections, meningitis, sepsis
39	Piperacillin + Tazobactam	Severe sepsis, intra-abdominal infections
40	Meropenem	Severe multidrug-resistant infections

Bonus: Emergency Crash Cart Medicines
(Frequently Available)

Adrenaline

Magnesium Sulfate

Dopamine

Naloxone

Atropine

Sodium Bicarbonate

Noradrenaline

Nitroglycerin

Amiodarone

Dextrose 50%

Furosemide

Aspirin

Adenosine

Regular Insulin

Diazepam

Salbutamol Nebules

Calcium Gluconate

Hydrocortisone

Midazolam

Tranexamic Acid

Note: The exact medicines stocked in an ED or crash cart vary by hospital protocols, patient population (adult vs pediatric), and local/national guidelines. Their use should always follow the prescribing physician's orders and institutional policies.

Outpatient Department (OPD)

Definition

The Outpatient Department (OPD) is the hospital department where patients receive medical consultation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care without being admitted to the hospital. After evaluation and treatment, patients usually return home the same day.

Why is it Important?

The OPD serves as the main entry point for most patients seeking healthcare. It aims to:

Diagnose and treat common illnesses.
Provide follow-up care for chronic diseases.
Prevent unnecessary hospital admissions.
Offer health education and preventive care.
Refer patients to specialists or admit them if required.

How Does it Work?

A typical patient visit includes:

1 Registration and appointment.
2 Consultation with a doctor.
3 Examination - Physical examination and medical history.
4 Tests - Diagnostic tests (if needed).
5 Prescription of medications.
6 Pharmacy dispensing and patient counseling.
7 Follow-up appointment or referral if necessary.

Common Conditions Managed

Fever and infections

Hypertension

Diabetes

Cough and cold

Asthma (stable cases)

Skin disorders

Joint pain

Gastrointestinal complaints

Routine health check-ups

Follow-up after hospitalization

Key Responsibilities of Healthcare Professionals

Record patient history accurately.
Measure and document vital signs.
Assist during clinical examinations.
Dispense medications correctly.
Counsel patients on medicine use and lifestyle modifications.
Educate patients about medication adherence and follow-up.
Maintain proper medical records and patient confidentiality.

Important Points for D.Pharm, B.Pharm & Nursing Students

Develop strong patient communication and counseling skills.
Understand prescription interpretation and medication dispensing.
Learn common diseases and first-line treatments.
Practice accurate documentation and record keeping.
Educate patients on medication adherence, dosage schedules, and possible side effects.
Recognize warning signs that require immediate referral to the Emergency Department.

Quick Comparison

Feature	ED / Casualty	OPD
Purpose	Immediate emergency care	Routine consultation and follow-up care
Operating Hours	24×7	Usually scheduled working hours
Patient Condition	Critical, urgent, or life-threatening	Stable or non-emergency
Hospital Admission	Frequently required	Usually not required
Treatment Priority	Based on triage severity	Generally first-come or appointment-based
Length of Stay	Until stabilized or admitted	Usually a few minutes to a few hours
Common Staff	Emergency physicians, nurses, pharmacists, technicians	Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, specialists

Emergency Department (ED)/Casualty focuses on rapid assessment, stabilization, and treatment of medical emergencies, operating around the clock.

Outpatient Department (OPD) focuses on consultation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of non-emergency conditions, allowing patients to return home the same day.

Common Medicines in OPD

Commonly prescribed for illnesses, chronic diseases, and follow-up visits

No.	Medicine (Generic Name)	Common Use
1	Paracetamol	Fever, mild to moderate pain
2	Ibuprofen	Pain, inflammation, fever
3	Diclofenac	Joint pain, musculoskeletal pain
4	Aceclofenac	Arthritis, muscle pain
5	Etoricoxib	Osteoarthritis, chronic pain
6	Amoxicillin	Respiratory, ear, and skin infections
7	Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid	Moderate bacterial infections
8	Azithromycin	Respiratory tract infections
9	Doxycycline	Acne, respiratory infections
10	Ciprofloxacin	Urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections
11	Cefixime	Typhoid, respiratory infections
12	Metronidazole	Amoebiasis, anaerobic infections
13	Albendazole	Worm infestations
14	Fluconazole	Fungal infections
15	Cetirizine	Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
16	Levocetirizine	Allergic conditions
17	Pantoprazole	Gastritis, GERD
18	Rabeprazole	Acid reflux
19	Omeprazole	Peptic ulcer disease
20	Sucralfate	Gastric and duodenal ulcers
21	Domperidone	Nausea, vomiting
22	ORS (Oral Rehydration Salts)	Dehydration due to diarrhea
23	Zinc Sulfate	Diarrhea in children
24	Metformin	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
25	Glimepiride	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
26	Amlodipine	Hypertension
27	Telmisartan	Hypertension
28	Losartan	Hypertension
29	Atenolol	Hypertension, angina
30	Rosuvastatin	Hypercholesterolemia
31	Atorvastatin	High cholesterol
32	Aspirin (Low Dose)	Prevention of heart attack and stroke
33	Clopidogrel	Prevention of thrombotic events
34	Salbutamol Inhaler	Asthma, bronchospasm
35	Budesonide Inhaler	Asthma maintenance therapy
36	Montelukast	Allergic rhinitis, asthma
37	Levothyroxine	Hypothyroidism
38	Calcium + Vitamin D3	Osteoporosis, calcium deficiency
39	Ferrous Ascorbate + Folic Acid	Iron-deficiency anemia
40	Multivitamin Tablets	Nutritional supplementation

Most Frequently Prescribed OPD Medicines by Category

Fever & Pain

• Paracetamol
• Ibuprofen
• Diclofenac
• Aceclofenac

Antibiotics

• Amoxicillin
• Amox. + Clavulanate
• Azithromycin
• Cefixime
• Ciprofloxacin

Gastric Medicines

• Pantoprazole
• Omeprazole
• Rabeprazole
• Sucralfate

Diabetes

• Metformin
• Glimepiride

Blood Pressure

• Amlodipine
• Telmisartan
• Losartan
• Atenolol

Allergy

• Cetirizine
• Levocetirizine
• Montelukast

Asthma

• Salbutamol Inhaler
• Budesonide Inhaler

Heart Disease

• Aspirin
• Clopidogrel
• Rosuvastatin
• Atorvastatin

Supplements

• Iron + Folic Acid
• Calcium + Vit D3
• Multivitamins
• Zinc Sulfate

40 Additional OPD Medicines

Commonly prescribed across specialties (ENT, Dermatology, Orthopedics, etc.)

No.	Medicine (Generic Name)	Common Use
1	Naproxen	Arthritis, musculoskeletal pain
2	Meloxicam	Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
3	Tramadol	Moderate pain
4	Pregabalin	Neuropathic pain
5	Gabapentin	Neuropathic pain
6	Baclofen	Muscle spasm
7	Tizanidine	Muscle spasm
8	Cefuroxime	Respiratory, skin infections
9	Cefpodoxime	Respiratory and urinary infections
10	Clarithromycin	Respiratory infections, H. pylori therapy
11	Levofloxacin	Pneumonia, UTI
12	Nitrofurantoin	Uncomplicated urinary tract infection
13	Fosfomycin	Urinary tract infection
14	Acyclovir	Herpes simplex, shingles
15	Valacyclovir	Herpes zoster
16	Clotrimazole Cream	Fungal skin infection
17	Terbinafine	Ringworm, fungal nail infection
18	Mupirocin Ointment	Local bacterial skin infection
19	Calamine Lotion	Itching, chickenpox rash
20	Lactulose Syrup	Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy
21	Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)	Chronic constipation
22	Bisacodyl	Constipation
23	Loperamide	Acute diarrhea (selected patients)
24	Hyoscine Butylbromide	Abdominal cramps
25	Dicyclomine	Irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain
26	Gaviscon (Alginate)	Acid reflux
27	Voglibose	Type 2 diabetes
28	Teneligliptin	Type 2 diabetes
29	Linagliptin	Type 2 diabetes
30	Carvedilol	Heart failure, hypertension
31	Bisoprolol	Hypertension, heart disease
32	Torsemide	Edema, heart failure
33	Spironolactone	Heart failure, liver cirrhosis
34	Escitalopram	Depression, anxiety
35	Sertraline	Depression, OCD
36	Clonazepam	Panic disorder, anxiety (short-term)
37	Tamsulosin	Benign prostatic hyperplasia
38	Finasteride	Benign prostatic hyperplasia
39	Medroxyprogesterone	Abnormal uterine bleeding, contraception
40	Tranexamic Acid (Oral)	Heavy menstrual bleeding

Commonly Prescribed by Specialty

Orthopedics

• Naproxen
• Meloxicam
• Baclofen
• Tizanidine

Neurology

• Pregabalin
• Gabapentin

Urology

• Nitrofurantoin
• Fosfomycin
• Tamsulosin
• Finasteride

Dermatology

• Clotrimazole
• Terbinafine
• Mupirocin
• Calamine Lotion

Gastroenterology

• Lactulose
• PEG
• Bisacodyl
• Hyoscine Butylbromide

Endocrinology

• Voglibose
• Teneligliptin
• Linagliptin

Psychiatry

• Escitalopram
• Sertraline
• Clonazepam

Cardiology

• Carvedilol
• Bisoprolol
• Torsemide
• Spironolactone

Note: These 40 medicines are different from the previous OPD list and are commonly encountered in outpatient clinics for chronic disease management, follow-up care, and specialty consultations.

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)

Definition

The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is a specialized critical care department that provides 24-hour intensive monitoring, advanced life support, and specialized medical treatment for critically ill or seriously injured infants, children, and adolescents. It is equipped with advanced medical technology and staffed by healthcare professionals specially trained in pediatric critical care.

Unlike a general pediatric ward, the PICU is designed for children who require continuous observation, life-support systems, or complex medical interventions due to severe illness, trauma, or major surgery.

Purpose of the PICU

The primary purpose of the PICU is to:

Save the lives of critically ill children.
Stabilize patients with life-threatening conditions.
Provide continuous monitoring and rapid intervention.
Support failing organs using advanced medical equipment.
Manage complex diseases requiring multidisciplinary care.
Improve recovery while minimizing complications.
Prepare patients for transfer to a general pediatric ward once stable.

Why is the PICU Important?

Children are not simply small adults. Their:

Anatomy
Physiology
Drug dosing
Fluid requirements
Disease progression
Psychological needs

are significantly different from adults.
The PICU is specially designed to meet these unique pediatric needs using pediatric-specific equipment, medication dosages, and treatment protocols.

Which Patients are Admitted to the PICU?

Patients admitted to the PICU usually have life-threatening or potentially life-threatening conditions. Common reasons include:

Respiratory Emergencies

Severe pneumonia, Acute respiratory distress, Severe asthma attack, Respiratory failure, Bronchiolitis requiring ventilation

Cardiac Conditions

Congenital heart disease, Heart failure, Cardiac arrhythmias, Cardiogenic shock, Post-cardiac surgery care

Neurological Emergencies

Status epilepticus, Severe head injury, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Raised intracranial pressure, Coma

Infectious Diseases

Septic shock, Severe sepsis, Multi-organ infection, Severe dengue with shock, Severe malaria (where applicable)

Trauma & Surgical Cases

Road traffic accidents, Multiple fractures, Chest/Abdominal trauma, Burns, Near drowning, Post-major pediatric surgery, Neurosurgery, Organ transplant

Metabolic, Endocrine & Toxicology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Severe dehydration, Electrolyte imbalance, Inborn errors of metabolism, Drug overdose, Chemical poisoning, Snake bites

Age Group Managed

Infants (excluding most neonatal ICU patients), Toddlers, Preschool children, School-age children, Adolescents. (Exact age range may vary).

Location Within the Hospital

Usually located near: Emergency Department (ED), Pediatric Ward, Operation Theatre (OT), Radiology, Blood Bank, Laboratory, Pharmacy.

Healthcare Professionals

Doctors: Pediatric Intensivists, Pediatricians, Surgeons, Anesthesiologists, Cardiologists, Neurologists.
Nursing: Pediatric ICU Nurses, Critical Care Nurses.
Pharmacy: Clinical & Hospital Pharmacists.
Allied: Respiratory/Physiotherapists, Dietitians, Psychologists, Lab/Radiology Technologists.

Common Equipment & Monitoring

Equipment: Mechanical ventilators, Cardiac/Multi-parameter monitors, Infusion/Syringe pumps, Defibrillators, HFNC, CPAP/BiPAP, Blood gas analyzer, Emergency crash cart.
Monitoring: Heart rate, BP, Respiratory rate, SpO₂, Temperature, Urine output, Neurological status (GCS), Blood glucose, Fluids, Electrolytes.

Common Procedures

Endotracheal intubation, Mechanical ventilation, Central venous/Arterial line placement, Lumbar puncture, Chest tube management, CPR, Defibrillation, Sedation.

Important Points for Students

Role of D.Pharm Students

Understand emergency meds, interpret pediatric prescriptions, calculate weight-based doses, prepare IV meds aseptically, recognize incompatibilities.

Role of B.Pharm Students

Participate in clinical pharmacy, review prescriptions, assess drug interactions, optimize antimicrobial therapy, therapeutic drug monitoring, prevent medication errors.

Role of B.Sc. Nursing Students

Continuous monitoring, administer meds safely, manage ventilated patients, assist in emergencies, wound/catheter care, support nutrition, educate families.

Infection Prevention & Safety

Infection Control: Hand hygiene, PPE, sterile technique, care bundles, safe waste disposal, isolation precautions.
Safety: Verify identity, use weight-based calculations, double-check high-alert meds, monitor infusion pumps, prevent falls, communicate deterioration.

Transfer Criteria & Key Points

Transfer Out: Vital signs stable, respiratory improved, ventilation not required, organ function recovered.
Key Learning: Children require age-specific care & dosing. Weight-based calculations are critical. Early recognition, strict infection control, and teamwork are fundamental.

Common Medicines in PICU

Commonly used medicines for critically ill infants and children. Dosing is calculated carefully by weight.

No.	Medicine (Generic Name)	Common Use in PICU
1	Ampicillin	Neonatal sepsis, bacterial infections
2	Cefotaxime	Neonatal meningitis, sepsis
3	Ceftriaxone	Severe bacterial infections (in appropriate age groups)
4	Piperacillin + Tazobactam	Severe hospital-acquired infections
5	Meropenem	Resistant bacterial infections
6	Vancomycin	MRSA and serious Gram-positive infections
7	Amikacin	Gram-negative bacterial infections
8	Gentamicin	Neonatal sepsis
9	Metronidazole	Anaerobic infections
10	Fluconazole	Systemic fungal infections
11	Acyclovir	Neonatal herpes, HSV encephalitis
12	Paracetamol	Fever and pain
13	Morphine	Severe pain, ventilated patients
14	Fentanyl	Analgesia during ventilation
15	Midazolam	Sedation, seizure control
16	Ketamine	Sedation, emergency procedures
17	Diazepam	Acute seizures
18	Lorazepam	Status epilepticus
19	Levetiracetam	Seizures
20	Phenobarbital	Neonatal seizures
21	Phenytoin	Status epilepticus
22	Adrenaline (Epinephrine)	Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
23	Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)	Septic shock
24	Dopamine	Hypotension, shock
25	Dobutamine	Heart failure, cardiogenic shock
26	Milrinone	Low cardiac output after cardiac surgery
27	Furosemide	Pulmonary edema, fluid overload
28	Hydrocortisone	Adrenal insufficiency, septic shock
29	Dexamethasone	Airway edema, cerebral edema
30	Salbutamol Nebules	Acute asthma, wheezing
31	Ipratropium Nebules	Severe bronchospasm
32	Magnesium Sulfate	Severe asthma
33	Calcium Gluconate	Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia
34	Sodium Bicarbonate	Severe metabolic acidosis (selected cases)
35	Regular Human Insulin	Hyperglycemia, DKA
36	Dextrose 10%	Neonatal hypoglycemia
37	Normal Saline (0.9%)	Fluid resuscitation
38	Ringer's Lactate	Shock and dehydration
39	Ondansetron	Nausea and vomiting
40	Pantoprazole	Stress ulcer prophylaxis

40 More Medicines Commonly Found in PICU

No.	Medicine	Dosage Form	Common Use
1	Cefixime	Dry Syrup	Respiratory & urinary infections
2	Cefpodoxime	Dry Syrup	Bacterial infections
3	Amoxicillin + Clavulanate	Dry Syrup	Ear, chest, skin infections
4	Azithromycin	Suspension	Pneumonia, throat infections
5	Clarithromycin	Suspension	Respiratory infections
6	Clindamycin	Injection/Capsule	Skin & soft tissue infections
7	Linezolid	Injection/Suspension	Resistant bacterial infections
8	Colistin	Injection	MDR Gram-negative infections
9	Caspofungin	Injection	Invasive fungal infections
10	Micafungin	Injection	Candidemia
11	Oseltamivir	Suspension/Capsule	Influenza
12	Albendazole	Suspension/Tablet	Worm infestation
13	Zinc Sulfate	Syrup/Tablet	Diarrhea, zinc deficiency
14	ORS	Sachet	Dehydration
15	Lactulose	Syrup	Constipation
16	Domperidone	Syrup	Vomiting
17	Probiotic (Bacillus clausii)	Oral Suspension	Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
18	Racecadotril	Sachet	Acute diarrhea
19	Vitamin D3	Oral Drops	Vitamin D deficiency
20	Multivitamin	Drops/Syrup	Nutritional support
21	Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)	Syrup	Iron deficiency anemia
22	Folic Acid	Syrup/Tablet	Folate deficiency
23	Vitamin K	Injection	Bleeding prevention in newborns
24	Calcium Carbonate	Syrup	Calcium deficiency
25	Levothyroxine	Tablet	Congenital hypothyroidism
26	Carbamazepine	Syrup/Tablet	Epilepsy
27	Sodium Valproate	Syrup	Seizures
28	Clobazam	Tablet/Suspension	Epilepsy
29	Budesonide	Nebulizer Respules	Asthma
30	Acetylcysteine	Nebulizer Solution	Thick mucus
31	Hypertonic Saline (3%)	Nebulizer Solution	Bronchiolitis
32	Beclomethasone	Inhaler	Asthma maintenance
33	Montelukast	Granules/Chew. Tab	Asthma, allergies
34	Cetirizine	Syrup	Allergy
35	Levocetirizine	Syrup	Allergic rhinitis
36	Chlorpheniramine	Syrup	Allergy
37	Mupirocin	Ointment	Skin infection
38	Fusidic Acid	Cream	Skin infection
39	Clotrimazole	Cream	Fungal skin infection
40	Zinc Oxide	Cream	Diaper rash

🦠 Antibiotics

Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, Meropenem, Vancomycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin

❤️ Emergency & Shock

Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Milrinone

🧠 Seizure Control

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam, Phenytoin

😴 Sedation & Pain

Midazolam, Fentanyl, Morphine, Ketamine

🫁 Respiratory

Salbutamol, Ipratropium, Magnesium Sulfate

💧 Fluids & Steroids

NS, RL, Dextrose 10%, Calcium Gluconate, Sodium Bicarb, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone

Common Dosage Forms Used in PICU

💉 Injections

Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Meropenem, Adrenaline, Midazolam, Fentanyl, Vitamin K

🥄/🍼 Syrups

Paracetamol, Lactulose, Cetirizine, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime, Amoxicillin+Clavulanate, Azithromycin

🌬️/👃 Nebs & Drops

Salbutamol, Budesonide, Ipratropium, Acetylcysteine, Vitamin D3 Drops, Multivitamin Drops

💊/🧴 Tabs & Creams

Levothyroxine, Albendazole, Mupirocin, Clotrimazole, Fusidic Acid, Zinc Oxide

Medicines to Know Well

Dry Syrups: Must be reconstituted with the correct amount of water and labeled with the date of preparation.
Nebulizer Solutions: Used with a nebulizer, not taken orally.
Oral Drops: Common for neonates and infants because they allow precise dosing.
Suppositories: Used when a child cannot take medicines by mouth (e.g., paracetamol).
Injectable Medicines: Often require dilution and administration via an infusion pump according to hospital protocol.

Every PICU Staff Should Recognize

Phenobarbital → First-line anticonvulsant for many neonatal seizures.
Ampicillin + Gentamicin → Common empiric antibiotic combination for neonatal sepsis.
Milrinone → Improves heart pumping and reduces afterload in children with low cardiac output.
Dextrose 10% → Commonly used for treating or preventing hypoglycemia in neonates.
Ketamine → Provides sedation and pain relief while generally preserving airway reflexes.
Vancomycin → Used for serious Gram-positive infections, including suspected MRSA.
Fentanyl → Potent opioid analgesic often used for ventilated children.
Important: Pediatric dosing is not the same as adult dosing. In PICU, nearly all medicines are prescribed based on body weight (mg/kg or micrograms/kg), and many require infusion pumps and continuous monitoring.

Select a Medical Department

IPD

Emergency Department (ED) / Casualty

Definition

Why is it Important?

How Does it Work?

Common Conditions Managed

Key Responsibilities of Healthcare Professionals

Important Points for D.Pharm, B.Pharm & Nursing Students

Common Medicines in ED / Casualty

Bonus: Emergency Crash Cart Medicines(Frequently Available)

Outpatient Department (OPD)

Definition

Why is it Important?

How Does it Work?

Common Conditions Managed

Key Responsibilities of Healthcare Professionals

Important Points for D.Pharm, B.Pharm & Nursing Students

Quick Comparison

Common Medicines in OPD

Most Frequently Prescribed OPD Medicines by Category

Fever & Pain

Antibiotics

Gastric Medicines

Diabetes

Blood Pressure

Allergy

Asthma

Heart Disease

Supplements

40 Additional OPD Medicines

Commonly Prescribed by Specialty

Orthopedics

Neurology

Urology

Dermatology

Gastroenterology

Endocrinology

Psychiatry

Cardiology

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)

Definition

Purpose of the PICU

Why is the PICU Important?

Which Patients are Admitted to the PICU?

Age Group Managed

Location Within the Hospital

Healthcare Professionals

Common Equipment & Monitoring

Common Procedures

Important Points for Students

Infection Prevention & Safety

Transfer Criteria & Key Points

Common Medicines in PICU

Common Dosage Forms Used in PICU

Medicines to Know Well

Every PICU Staff Should Recognize

Data Updating

Select a
Medical Department

Bonus: Emergency Crash Cart Medicines
(Frequently Available)